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References
VasoActive Therapy uses increased blood flow to create endothelial shear stress leading to a number of actions known, collectively, as endothelial mechanotransduction. This simple physiological event triggers an amazing cascade of modifications to blood chemistry resulting in changes to inflammation, oxidation, vasodilation, coagulation, angiogenesis, deformability of erythrocytes, glycocaylx integrity and much more.
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The articles listed below are just the tip of the iceberg. There are hundreds of similar articles which illuminate the power of shear stress and endothelial mechanotransduction in restoring physiological and vascular homeostasis.
Davies PF, Flow-Mediated Endothelial Mechanotransduction, Phys Rev, Vol. 75, No. 3, July 1995


Traub O, Berk BC, Laminar Shear Stress: Mechanisms by Which Endothelial Cells Transduce an Atheroprotective Force, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:677-685.


Grabowski, et al, Shear stress decreases endothelial cell tissue factor activity by augmenting secretion of tissue factor pathway inhibitor, Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 21(1):157-62, 2001 


Dimmeler S, et al, Upregulation of superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide synthase mediates the apoptosis-suppressive effects of shear stress on endothelial cells, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999 Mar;19(3):656-64


Ensley, et al, Fluid Shear Stress Alters the Hemostatic Properties of Endothelial Outgrowth Cells, Tiss Engr: Vol 18, 2012 


Kim J-S et al, Shear stress-induced mitochondrial biogenesis decreases the release of microparticles from endothelial cells, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 309: H425–H433, 2015.

Agarwal T et al, Keratinocytes are mechanoresponsive to the microflow-induced shear stress, Cytoskeleton, 2019 Feb;76(2):209-218. 


Tao J et al, Shear stress increases Cu/Zn SOD activity and mRNA expression in human endothelial progenitor cells, J Hum Hypertens. 2007 May;21(5):353-8.


Starzyk D et al, Effects of nitric oxide and prostacyclin on deformability and aggregability of red blood cells of rats ex vivo and in vitro, J Physiol Pharmacol. 1999 Dec;50(4):629-37. 


Berk BC et al, Endothelial atheroprotective and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001 Dec;947:93-109 


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Korbut RA et al, Endothelial Secretagogues and Deformability of Erythrocytes, J Physiol Pharmacol 2002, 53, 4, 655.665


Chen X-L et al, Laminar Flow Induction of Antioxidant Response Element-mediated
Genes in Endothelial Cells, J Biolog Chem, V 278, No. 2, 703–711, 2003


Gouverneur M et al, Fluid shear stress stimulates incorporation of hyaluronan into endothelial cell glycocalyx, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Jan; 290(1):H458-2.


Zeng Y, Tarbell JM, The Adaptive Remodeling of Endothelial Glycocalyx in Response to Fluid Shear Stress. PLoS ONE 9(1): 2014 


Rennier K, Ji JY, Shear stress attenuates apoptosis due to TNFα, oxidative stress, and serum depletion via death associated protein kinase (DAPK) expression


Mowbray AL, et al, Laminar shear stress upregulates peroxiredoxins (PRX) in endothelial cells: PRX 1 as a mechanosensitive antioxidant, J Biol Chem. 2008 Jan 18;283(3):1622-7


Shibeko AM, et al, Blood flow controls coagulation onset via the positive feedback of factor VII activation by factor Xa, BMC Systems Biology 2010, 4:5


Pan S, Molecular mechanisms responsible for the atheroprotective effects of laminar shear stress, Antioxid Redox Signal. 2009 Jul;11(7):1669-82. 




Yamawaki H, et al, Fluid shear stress inhibits vascular inflammation by decreasing thioredoxin interacting protein in endothelial cells, J. Clin. Invest. 115:733–738 2005


Esmon CT, et al, Inflammation, sepsis, and coagulation, Haematologica 1999; 84:254-259


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